
MinerU
Open-source PDF-to-markdown that keeps figures and charts in place, but tables and punctuation can get messy on complex files.
Strong at preserving visuals and structure, but table fidelity and punctuation cleanup are uneven.
- You need charts, figures, logos, or photos preserved as real embedded images in markdown.
- You want open-source PDF-to-markdown with decent heading order and OCR on scanned pages.
- You can tolerate slower processing in exchange for local/self-hosted control and image retention.
- You need punctuation-perfect OCR with no mojibake in em-dashes, quotes, or apostrophes.
Our take
MinerU is a solid self-hosted choice when your top priority is preserving figures, charts, logos, and reading order in a markdown output. It is less reliable on dense tables, and recurring mojibake plus slow runtimes make it a mixed fit for production pipelines that need exact text and fast throughput.
In-Depth Review
Our detailed analysis of MinerU — features, performance, and real-world testing.
Feature-by-Feature Breakdown
Embedded Visual PreservationStrong▾
Feature tested: Embedded Visual Preservation
Result: Passed
Verdict: Strong
Expected behavior: Keeps charts, figures, photos, logos, and other embedded visuals as real image references in the markdown output. In the hybrid earnings report it preserved financial charts and the CEO portrait; in the scanned paper it preserved the figure and cover logo as images.
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_financial_charts.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): Financial highlights charts remained real images with labels and stats still paired to them. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_financial_charts_parsed_success.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_financial_charts.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): Financial highlights charts remained real images with labels and stats still paired to them. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_financial_charts_parsed_success.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_ceo_photo.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The CEO portrait stayed embedded before the signoff line. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_ceo_photo_parsed_success.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_ceo_photo.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The CEO portrait stayed embedded before the signoff line. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_ceo_photo_parsed_success.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_figure_1.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The scanned research figure stayed embedded with its caption adjacent. — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_figure_1_parsed_success.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_figure_1.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The scanned research figure stayed embedded with its caption adjacent. — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_figure_1_parsed_success.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_title_page.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The cover-page logo was retained as a real image in the output. — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_title_page_parsed_success.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_title_page.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The cover-page logo was retained as a real image in the output. — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_title_page_parsed_success.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Why it matters / Conclusion: This is MinerU's strongest capability: visuals are consistently preserved as real images instead of placeholders.
Keeps charts, figures, photos, logos, and other embedded visuals as real image references in the markdown output. In the hybrid earnings report it preserved financial charts and the CEO portrait; in the scanned paper it preserved the figure and cover logo as images.








OCR Text ExtractionMixed▾
Feature tested: OCR Text Extraction
Result: Partial
Verdict: Mixed
Expected behavior: Converts native text and scanned pages into markdown text while keeping most content readable. It handled the hybrid earnings CEO letter, the Japanese/English management-plan excerpt, and the scanned paper's title/header text, though punctuation and some characters can be corrupted by mojibake.
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_ceo_letter.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The CEO letter text is readable, but punctuation and a few characters are corrupted. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_ceo_letter_parsed_failure.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_ceo_letter.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The CEO letter text is readable, but punctuation and a few characters are corrupted. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_ceo_letter_parsed_failure.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input2_financialpdf_mgmt_plan_quote.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The management-plan paragraph is preserved, with curly quotes corrupted into mojibake. — mineru_input2_financialpdf_mgmt_plan_quote_parsed_failure.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input2_financialpdf_mgmt_plan_quote.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The management-plan paragraph is preserved, with curly quotes corrupted into mojibake. — mineru_input2_financialpdf_mgmt_plan_quote_parsed_failure.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_title_page.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The scanned paper header text is preserved cleanly with no major word-order loss. — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_title_page_parsed_success.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_title_page.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The scanned paper header text is preserved cleanly with no major word-order loss. — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_title_page_parsed_success.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Why it matters / Conclusion: Text extraction is strong overall, but punctuation cleanup is inconsistent and exact OCR fidelity is not perfect.
Converts native text and scanned pages into markdown text while keeping most content readable. It handled the hybrid earnings CEO letter, the Japanese/English management-plan excerpt, and the scanned paper's title/header text, though punctuation and some characters can be corrupted by mojibake.






Table ReconstructionMixed▾
Feature tested: Table Reconstruction
Result: Partial
Verdict: Mixed
Expected behavior: Rebuilds tables with real rowspan/colspan HTML structure in markdown. It works well for many multi-level financial tables, but some dense or merged-cell tables can still break into misaligned, truncated, or collapsed rows.
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input2_financialpdf_business_results_table.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The quarterly business results table mostly holds together, with only minor mojibake in a couple of cells. — mineru_input2_financialpdf_business_results_table_partial_success.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input2_financialpdf_business_results_table.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The quarterly business results table mostly holds together, with only minor mojibake in a couple of cells. — mineru_input2_financialpdf_business_results_table_partial_success.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_financial_summary_table.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The financial summary table is misaligned and truncated. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_financial_summary_table_parsed_failure.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_financial_summary_table.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The financial summary table is misaligned and truncated. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_financial_summary_table_parsed_failure.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_segment_results_table.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The segment-results table header is malformed and rows shift out of alignment. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_segment_results_table_parsed_failure.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_segment_results_table.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The segment-results table header is malformed and rows shift out of alignment. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_segment_results_table_parsed_failure.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input2_financialpdf_sales_table.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The sales-by-segment table collapses multiple row labels and values into merged cells. — mineru_input2_financialpdf_sales_table_parsed_failure.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input2_financialpdf_sales_table.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The sales-by-segment table collapses multiple row labels and values into merged cells. — mineru_input2_financialpdf_sales_table_parsed_failure.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_table_2.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The scanned paper's table is structurally intact but specific cells are replaced by mojibake. — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_table_2_parsed_failure.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_table_2.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The scanned paper's table is structurally intact but specific cells are replaced by mojibake. — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_table_2_parsed_failure.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Why it matters / Conclusion: Good on simpler or well-structured tables, but brittle on the exact financial and segment tables that matter most.
Rebuilds tables with real rowspan/colspan HTML structure in markdown. It works well for many multi-level financial tables, but some dense or merged-cell tables can still break into misaligned, truncated, or collapsed rows.










Reading-Order and Heading PreservationStrong▾
Feature tested: Reading-Order and Heading Preservation
Result: Passed
Verdict: Strong
Expected behavior: Keeps section order and heading hierarchy mostly intact across mixed digital and scanned PDFs. It preserved the scanned paper's title-before-abstract order and linearized the multicolumn brand list correctly, with only occasional OCR noise in table-of-contents entries.
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_title_page.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The title appears before the abstract, in the correct source order. — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_title_abstract_order_parsed_success.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_title_page.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The title appears before the abstract, in the correct source order. — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_title_abstract_order_parsed_success.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_brand_list.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The owned and exclusive brand groups were linearized in the right order. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_brand_list_parsed_success.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_brand_list.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The owned and exclusive brand groups were linearized in the right order. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_brand_list_parsed_success.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input2_financialpdf_toc.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The financial report table of contents preserves section hierarchy and page numbers cleanly. — mineru_input2_financialpdf_toc_parsed_success.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input2_financialpdf_toc.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The financial report table of contents preserves section hierarchy and page numbers cleanly. — mineru_input2_financialpdf_toc_parsed_success.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_toc.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The annual report table of contents keeps the structure but adds mojibake to many item labels. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_toc_parsed_failure.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_toc.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The annual report table of contents keeps the structure but adds mojibake to many item labels. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_toc_parsed_failure.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Why it matters / Conclusion: Hierarchy and order are usually preserved well, with the main blemish being OCR noise in some TOC entries.
Keeps section order and heading hierarchy mostly intact across mixed digital and scanned PDFs. It preserved the scanned paper's title-before-abstract order and linearized the multicolumn brand list correctly, with only occasional OCR noise in table-of-contents entries.








Caption and Footnote AssociationMixed▾
Feature tested: Caption and Footnote Association
Result: Partial
Verdict: Mixed
Expected behavior: Keeps captions, notes, and segment explanations adjacent to the elements they describe. The financial report's notes stay under their table, and the scanned paper's figure/table captions stay adjacent, though the hybrid earnings footnote block can be displaced ahead of its section heading.
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input2_financialpdf_segment_notes.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The segment legend and notes stay directly below the related table. — mineru_input2_financialpdf_segment_notes_parsed_success.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input2_financialpdf_segment_notes.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The segment legend and notes stay directly below the related table. — mineru_input2_financialpdf_segment_notes_parsed_success.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_table_2_caption.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The table caption stays immediately above the table. — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_table_2_parsed_failure.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_table_2_caption.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The table caption stays immediately above the table. — mineru_input3_scannedpaper_table_2_parsed_failure.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_segment_results_table.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The segment footnotes are displaced ahead of the section heading instead of staying under the table. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_segment_footnote_parsed_failure.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_segment_results_table.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The segment footnotes are displaced ahead of the section heading instead of staying under the table. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_segment_footnote_parsed_failure.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Why it matters / Conclusion: Association is usually correct, but the hybrid earnings footnote displacement shows it can misplace notes on complex pages.
Keeps captions, notes, and segment explanations adjacent to the elements they describe. The financial report's notes stay under their table, and the scanned paper's figure/table captions stay adjacent, though the hybrid earnings footnote block can be displaced ahead of its section heading.






Form Checkbox State ExtractionStrong▾
Feature tested: Form Checkbox State Extraction
Result: Passed
Verdict: Strong
Expected behavior: Recognizes simple SEC filing checkbox states on the cover page and preserves them as x/o markers. On the tested filing, it kept the checked annual-report option and the unchecked transition-report option.
Test case: Image → Image
Input type: Image
Input used: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_form_checkbox.png
Observed output: Output artifact (Image): The checked annual-report box and unchecked transition-report box are both preserved as the correct states. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_form_checkbox_parsed_success.png
Input artifact: Input artifact (Image): INPUT — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_form_checkbox.png
Output artifact: Output artifact (Image): The checked annual-report box and unchecked transition-report box are both preserved as the correct states. — mineru_input1_hybridearnings_form_checkbox_parsed_success.png
What changed: Image transformed into Image
Why it matters / Conclusion: Works for simple filing checkboxes on this test.
Recognizes simple SEC filing checkbox states on the cover page and preserves them as x/o markers. On the tested filing, it kept the checked annual-report option and the unchecked transition-report option.


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